Einbürgerung (citizenship)
German naturalisation, after the 2024 reform: how long you need to live here, the language and test requirements, and the rules on dual citizenship.
Last updated 2 June 2026
What changed in 2024 ⟳ Review
- • Standard naturalisation now after 5 years (down from 8).
- • Fast track after 3 years for exceptional integration (C1 German, achievements).
- • Dual citizenship is now generally allowed — you usually no longer have to give up your old nationality.
What you need
Residence
Usually 5 years of lawful residence — or 3 years for exceptional integration.⟳ Review
Language
German at B1 level (C1 for the 3-year fast track).
Citizenship test
Pass the Einbürgerungstest — 33 questions on law, society and the area you live in.
Livelihood
Able to support yourself and your family without relying on basic social benefits.
Clean record
No serious criminal convictions, and commitment to the free democratic basic order.
How to apply
- 1.Check eligibility (residence years, language, livelihood) — use our residency & citizenship calculator.
- 2.Gather documents: passport, residence permits, proof of income, language certificate, test result.
- 3.Submit the application to your local Einbürgerungsbehörde and pay the fee (around €255).
- 4.Attend appointments, then receive your naturalisation certificate (Einbürgerungsurkunde).